(1월27일 수요일) 8. 가정법

1. 가정법은 가정법 과거/과거완료/ 미래가 있다.




가정법 핵심1)  if


      If I could fly, I would fly to her.


가정법 핵심 2)  동사의 시제


가정법과거 : If 주어 과거동사/were, 주어 would/could/might + 동사원형.
 
가정법과거완료: If 주어 had pp., 주어 would/could/might + have pp.



가정법 핵심 3) 도치 (도치란 동사와 주어의 순서가 바뀌는 것)


 if you should wish to visit,   ---> (도치) Should you wish to visit












가정법 과거
If I were rich, I would go abroad.
= As I am not rich, I will not go abroad.


If I were you (=Were I you), I would not believe what he says.
If I were not Alexander, I would like to be Diogenes.
If I had the book, I could lend it to you.
= As I don't have the book, I can not lend it to you.


Perhaps it would be better if you told him the facts. (겸손한 말씨)
As I am ill, I cannot go there. (직설법 현재)
= If I were not ill, I could go there. (가정법 과거)
= Were I not ill, I could go there.    (if를 생략할 경우)
= But for  my illness, I could go there.
=Without my illness, I could go there.
= If it were not for my illness, I could go there.
= Were it not for my illness, I could go there.
Had I a mind of money, I would not indulge in such luxuries.
= (Even) If I had a mind of money, I would not indulge in such luxuries.
Did I possess enough money, I would not lend money to such a man.
= (Even) If I possessed enough money, I would not lend money to such a man




가정법 과거완료
As you helped me, I did not fail. (직설법 과거)
= If you had not helped me, I would have fail. (가정법 과거완료)
= Had you not helped me, I would have failed. (If 생략시)
= But for (Without) your help, I would have failed.
= If it had not been for your help, I would have failed.
= Had it not been for your help, I would have failed.
If it had been fine yesterday, we should have made an excursion.
= As it was not fine yesterday, we did not make an excursion.
If I had studied a little harder, I should have  passed the examination.
You could have done ti if you had tried.
= As you did not try, you could not do it.
If it had not been for your help, I must have failed. (∼, Without∼)
= But for your help, I must have failed.
= Without your help, I must have failed.
If it had not rained last night, the road would not be so muddy this morning.
= As it rained last night, the road is so muddy this morning.